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        Research

        Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion alters microRNA expression and glycaemic variability in children with type 1 diabetes

        To determine whether continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) vs. multiple daily injections (MDI) therapy from near-diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is associated with reduced glycaemic variability (GV) and altered microRNA (miRNAs) expression. ...

        Research

        Effects of dietary fat and protein on glucoregulatory hormones in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes

        Dietary fat and protein impact postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with type 1 diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Glucoregulatory hormones are also known to modulate gastric emptying and may contribute to this effect. ...

        Research

        Levels of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage and indirect protection against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia hospitalisations in Australia: An observational study

        There is limited empiric evidence on the coverage of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) required to generate substantial indirect protection. We investigate the association between population PCV coverage and indirect protection against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia hospitalisations among undervaccinated Australian children. ...

        Research

        From program suspension to the pandemic: A qualitative examination of Australia's vaccine pharmacovigilance system over 10 years

        In 2010, the Australian seasonal influenza vaccination program for children under 5 years of age was suspended due to an unexpected increase in fever and febrile convulsions causally associated with one particular influenza vaccine brand. A subsequent national review made seven recommendations to improve vaccine pharmacovigilance. ...

        Research

        Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults

        Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration <50 nmol/l) is recognised as a public health problem globally. The present study details the prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in a nationally representative sample of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged >/=18 years. ...

        Research

        Fuel feedstock determines biodiesel exhaust toxicity in a human airway epithelial cell exposure model

        Biodiesel is promoted as a sustainable replacement for commercial diesel. Biodiesel fuel and exhaust properties change depending on the base feedstock oil/fat used during creation. The aims of this study were, for the first time, to compare the exhaust exposure health impacts of a wide range of biodiesels made from different feedstocks and relate these effects with the corresponding exhaust characteristics. ...

        Research

        Supporting patient-clinician interaction in chronic HIV care: Design and development of a patient-reported outcomes software application

        The consideration of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is a hallmark of best practice in HIV care. Information technology offers an opportunity to more closely engage patients with chronic HIV infection in their long-term management and support a focus on HRQL. ...

        Research

        Fecal sample collection methods and time of day impact microbiome composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations

        Associations between the human gut microbiome and health outcomes continues to be of great interest, although fecal sample collection methods which impact microbiome studies are sometimes neglected. Here, we expand on previous work in sample optimization, to promote high quality microbiome data. To compare fecal sample collection methods, amplicons from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4) and fungal (ITS2) region, as well as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined in fecal material over three timepoints. ...

        Research

        Fetal Growth Restriction and Asthma: Is the Damage Done?

        Trajectories of airway remodeling and functional impairment in asthma are consistent with the notion that airway pathology precedes or coincides with the onset of asthma symptoms and may be present at birth. ...

        Research

        Glycaemic outcomes in Australasian children and adults with Type 1 Diabetes: failure to meet targets across the age spectrum

        The goal of therapy in Type 1 diabetes is to achieve optimal glycaemic targets and reduce complications. Robust data representing glycaemic outcomes across the lifespan are lacking in Australasia. ...

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