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        Research

        Phage therapy for multi-drug resistant respiratory tract infections

        The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is recognised today as one of the greatest challenges to public health. As traditional antimicrobials are becoming ineffective and research into new antibiotics is diminishing, a number of alternative treatments for MDR bacteria have been receiving greater attention. Bacteriophage therapies are being revisited and present a promising opportunity to reduce the burden of bacterial infection in this post-antibiotic era. ...

        Research

        A Genome-wide Association Study Identifies SERPINB10, CRLF3, STX7, LAMP3, IFNG-AS1, and KRT80 As Risk Loci Contributing to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Brazil

        Our goal was to identify genetic risk factors for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania braziliensis. ...

        Research

        Molecular diagnosis of scabies using a novel probe-based polymerase chain reaction assay targeting high-copy number repetitive sequences in the sarcoptes scabiei genome

        The suboptimal sensitivity and specificity of available diagnostic methods for scabies hampers clinical management, trials of new therapies and epidemiologic studies. Additionally, parasitologic diagnosis by microscopic examination of skin scrapings requires sample collection with a sharp scalpel blade, causing discomfort to patients and difficulty in children. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic assays, combined with non-invasive sampling methods, represent an attractive approach. ...

        Research

        Changes in airway inflammation with pseudomonas eradication in early cystic fibrosis

        Neutrophil elastase is a significant risk factor for structural lung disease in cystic fibrosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa airway infection is linked with neutrophilic inflammation and substantial respiratory morbidity. We aimed to evaluate how neutrophil elastase (NE) activity changes after P. aeruginosa eradication and influences early disease outcomes. We assessed participants in the AREST CF cohort between 2000 and 2018 who had P. aeruginosa cultured from their routine annual bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and who underwent eradication treatment and a post eradication BAL. Factors associated with persistent P. aeruginosa infection, persistent neutrophilic inflammation following eradication and worse structural lung disease one year post-eradication were evaluated. ...

        Research

        Lower Cord Blood IL-17 and IL-25, but Not Other Epithelial Cell-Derived Cytokines Are Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Infancy

        There is a growing need for early biomarkers that may predict the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). As alterations in skin barrier may be a primary event in disease pathogenesis, epithelial cell (EC) cytokines expression patterns may be a potential biomarker in early life to target allergy preventive strategies towards "at-risk" infants. The aim of this longitudinal investigation was to examine from birth over the course of infancy levels of the EC cytokines: thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin (IL)-33, IL-25, and IL-17 in infants at high-risk of AD due to maternal atopy. ...

        Research

        Genetics, Transcriptomics and Meta-Taxonomics in Visceral Leishmaniasis

        Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex can be fatal in susceptible individuals. Understanding the interactions between host and pathogen is one way to obtain leads to develop better drugs and for vaccine development. In recent years multiple omics-based approaches have assisted researchers to gain a more global picture of this interaction in leishmaniasis. Here we review results from studies using three omics-based approaches to study VL caused by L. donovani in India. ...

        Research

        Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Respiratory Disease: Fact or Fiction

        In this translational review, the mechanisms, roles, and impact of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic lung diseases are discussed ...

        Research

        Associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability at age 5

        This study investigated the associations between clusters of early life risk factors and developmental vulnerability in children's first year of full-time school at age 5 ...

        Research

        Stillbirth risk prediction using machine learning for a large cohort of births from Western Australia, 1980–2015

        Almost half of stillbirths could be potentially identified antenatally based on a combination of factors ...

        Research

        Analytical bias in the measurement of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in infants

        To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the reported 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by both age and assay type ...

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