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        Research

        Efficacy thresholds and target populations for antiviral COVID-19 treatments to save lives and costs: a modelling study

        In 2023 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared endemic, yet hospital admissions have persisted and risen within populations at high and moderate risk of developing severe disease, which include those of older age, and those with co-morbidities. Antiviral treatments, currently only available for high-risk individuals, play an important role in preventing severe disease and hospitalisation within this subpopulation. ...

        Research

        Seasonal malaria chemoprevention and the spread of Plasmodium falciparum quintuple-mutant parasites resistant to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine: a modelling study

        Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine prevents millions of clinical malaria cases in children younger than 5 years in Africa's Sahel region. However, Plasmodium falciparum parasites partially resistant to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (with quintuple mutations) potentially threaten the protective effectiveness of SMC. We evaluated the spread of quintuple-mutant parasites and the clinical consequences.  ...

        Research

        Interorganelle phospholipid communication, a house not so divided

        The presence of membrane-bound organelles with specific functions is one of the main hallmarks of eukaryotic cells. Organelle membranes are composed of specific lipids that govern their function and interorganelle communication. Discoveries in cell biology using imaging and omic technologies have revealed the mechanisms that drive membrane remodeling, organelle contact sites, and metabolite exchange. ...

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        Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis

        Nipah virus is a zoonotic paramyxovirus responsible for disease outbreaks with high fatality rates in south and southeast Asia. However, knowledge of the potential geographical extent and risk patterns of the virus is poor. We aimed to establish an integrated spatiotemporal and phylogenetic database of Nipah virus infections in humans and animals across south and southeast Asia.  ...

        Research

        Aged care service use by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people after aged care eligibility assessments, 2017–2019: a population-based retrospective cohort study

        To characterise the socio-demographic characteristics, aged and health care needs, and aged care services used by older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people assessed for aged care service eligibility. ...

        Research

        FastHPOCR: pragmatic, fast, and accurate concept recognition using the human phenotype ontology

        Human Phenotype Ontology based phenotype concept recognition (CR) underpins a faster and more effective mechanism to create patient phenotype profiles or to document novel phenotype-centred knowledge statements. While the increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) for natural language understanding has led to several LLM-based solutions, we argue that their intrinsic resource-intensive nature is not suitable for realistic management of the phenotype CR lifecycle. ...

        Research

        Early childhood development strategy for the world's children with disabilities

        Early childhood is foundational for optimal and inclusive lifelong learning, health and well-being. Young children with disabilities face substantial risks of sub-optimal early childhood development, requiring targeted support to ensure equitable access to lifelong learning opportunities, especially in low- and middle-income countries.  ...

        Research

        Herpes simplex virus in infancy: Evaluation of national surveillance case capture

        As herpes simplex virus in infancy is not a mandatory notifiable condition in Australia, completeness of ascertainment by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been difficult to evaluate to date. We evaluated case capture in Queensland and Western Australia using statewide laboratory and clinical data and complementary surveillance data collected via the APSU. ...

        Research

        Harmonizing the CBCL and SDQ ADHD scores by using linear equating, kernel equating, item response theory and machine learning methods

        A problem that applied researchers and practitioners often face is the fact that different institutions within research consortia use different scales to evaluate the same construct which makes comparison of the results and pooling challenging. ...

        Research

        A critical discussion of pediatric gender measures to clarify the utility and purpose of “measuring” gender

        Pediatric gender clinics and researchers commonly use scales to measure different dimensions of gender (e.g. identity, dysphoria, satisfaction). There has been little investigation into the relevance and consumer acceptability of these scales within contemporary understandings and experiences of gender.  ...

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