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        Research

        Prevalence of tracheobronchomalacia is higher than previously reported in children with cystic fibrosis

        Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is estimated to be present in 1 in 2100 children. Previous reports suggest the prevalence is higher in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This has clinical implications with potential to influence airway clearance and lung health. ...

        Research

        ATFS-1 counteracts mitochondrial DNA damage by promoting repair over transcription

        The ability to balance conflicting functional demands is critical for ensuring organismal survival. The transcription and repair of the mitochondrial genome requires separate enzymatic activities that can sterically compete, suggesting a life-long trade-off between these two processes. ...

        Research

        Determination of Tr1 cell populations correlating with distinct activation states in acute IAV infection

        Type I regulatory (Tr1) cells are defined as FOXP3-IL-10-secreting clusters of differentiation (CD4+) T cells that contribute to immune suppression and typically express the markers LAG-3 and CD49b and other co-inhibitory receptors. These cells have not been studied in detail in the context of the resolution of acute infection in the lung. ...

        Research

        Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminths using quantitative PCR and risk factors for hookworm and Necator americanus infection in school children in Dak Lak province, Vietnam

        Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is driven by a complex interaction of demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors, including those related to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Epidemiological studies that measure both infection and potential risk factors associated with infection help to understand the drivers of transmission in a population and therefore can provide information to optimise STH control programmes. ...

        Research

        Airway macrophages display decreased expression of receptors mediating and regulating scavenging in early cystic fibrosis lung disease

        Cystic fibrosis (CF) airway disease is characterized by chronic inflammation, featuring neutrophil influx to the lumen. Airway macrophages (AMs) can promote both inflammation and resolution, and are thus critical to maintaining and restoring homeostasis. CF AM functions, specifically scavenging activity and resolution of inflammation, have been shown to be impaired, yet underlying processes remain unknown. ...

        Research

        The evidence that rheumatic heart disease control programs in Australia are making an impact

        Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) comprises heart-valve damage caused by acute rheumatic fever (ARF). The Australian Government Rheumatic Fever Strategy funds RHD Control Programs to support detection and management of ARF and RHD. We assessed epidemiological changes during the years of RHD Control Program operation. ...

        Research

        The AuTOMATIC trial: a study protocol for a multi-arm Bayesian adaptive randomised controlled trial of text messaging to improve childhood immunisation coverage

        While most Australian children are vaccinated, delays in vaccination can put them at risk from preventable infections. Widespread mobile phone ownership in Australia could allow automated short message service (SMS) reminders to be used as a low-cost strategy to effectively 'nudge' parents towards vaccinating their children on time. ...

        Research

        Pre-emptive intervention versus treatment as usual for infants showing early behavioural risk signs of autism spectrum disorder

        A pre-emptive intervention for the autism spectrum disorder prodrome had no immediate treatment effect on early autism spectrum disorder symptoms ...

        Research

        Talking skin: Attitudes and practices around skin infections, treatment options, and their clinical management in a remote region in Western Australia

        Documenting carer, service provider and healthcare practitioner perspectives on skin infections provides more understanding of the context of treatment decisions ...

        Research

        Data Linkage: Canadian and Australian Perspectives on a Valuable Methodology for Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research

        Building data linkage capabilities, and how linked databases can be used to identify persons with IDD and used for population-based research ...

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