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        Research

        The built environment and child obesity: A review of Australian policies

        Child obesity is a serious public health challenge affected by both individual choice and societal and environmental factors. The main modifiable risk factors for child obesity are unhealthy eating and low levels of physical activity, both influenced by aspects of the built environment.  ...

        Research

        Association between mental health workforce supply and clusters of high and low rates of youth suicide: An Australian study using suicide mortality data from 2016 to 2020

        Abstract: To examine the association between mental health workforce supply and spatial clusters of high versus low incidence of youth suicide. ...

        Research

        Early life predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in young adults: Insights from a longitudinal community cohort (Raine study)

        Early-life obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) predictors are unavailable for young adults. This study identifies early-life factors predisposing young adults to OSA. ...

        Research

        Socioeconomic status and diabetes technology use in youth with type 1 diabetes: a comparison of two funding models

        Technology use, including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump therapy, is associated with improved outcomes in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In 2017 CGM was universally funded for youth with T1D in Australia. In contrast, pump access is primarily accessed through private health insurance, self-funding or philanthropy. ...

        Research

        Temporal landscape of mitochondrial proteostasis governed by the UPRmt

        Breakdown of mitochondrial proteostasis activates quality control pathways including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. However, beyond the up-regulation of chaperones and proteases, we have a limited understanding of how the UPRmt remodels and restores damaged mitochondrial proteomes.  ...

        Research

        COVID-19 vaccine coverage targets to inform reopening plans in a low incidence setting

        Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 through to mid-2021, much of the Australian population lived in a COVID-19-free environment. This followed the broadly successful implementation of a strong suppression strategy, including international border closures. With the availability of COVID-19 vaccines in early 2021, the national government sought to transition from a state of minimal incidence and strong suppression activities to one of high vaccine coverage and reduced restrictions but with still-manageable transmission. ...

        Research

        Individual variation in vaccine immune response can produce bimodal distributions of protection

        The ability for vaccines to protect against infectious diseases varies among individuals, but computational models employed to inform policy typically do not account for this variation. Here we examine this issue: we implement a model of vaccine efficacy developed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 in order to evaluate the general implications of modelling correlates of protection on the individual level. ...

        Research

        Cholera risk in Lusaka: A geospatial analysis to inform improved water and sanitation provision

        Urbanization combined with climate change are exacerbating water scarcity for an increasing number of the world’s emerging cities. Water and sanitation infrastructure, which in the first place was largely built to cater only to a small subsector of developing city populations, is increasingly coming under excessive strain. ...

        Research

        Composition and diversity of gut microbiota

        The gastrointestinal tract has one of the most diverse and complex microbial communities in nature which is shaped by both external and internal factors throughout a human's lifespan. The gut microbiota and the host have coevolved and coexisted to create a mutualistic relationship as the bacterial community has many functions in the body. ...

        Research

        Maternal prebiotic supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modifies the microbiome and short chain fatty acid profile of both mother and infant

        Improving maternal gut health in pregnancy and lactation is a potential strategy to improve immune and metabolic health in offspring and curtail the rising rates of inflammatory diseases linked to alterations in gut microbiota. Here, we investigate the effects of a maternal prebiotic supplement (galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides), ingested daily from <21 weeks' gestation to six months' post-partum, in a double-blinded, randomised placebo-controlled trial.  ...

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