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        Research

        The airway smooth muscle layer is structurally abnormal in low birth weight infants: implications for obstructive disease

        Citation: Wang KCW, Elliot JG, Saglani S, et al. The airway smooth muscle layer is structurally abnormal in low birth weight infants: implications ...

        Research

        Neurodevelopmental outcomes in children after prenatal marijuana exposure

        The effect of prenatal marijuana exposure on child neurodevelopment remains poorly understood. Prior studies have demonstrated inconsistent results. ...

        Research

        Substrate-dependent metabolomic signatures of myeloperoxidase activity in airway epithelial cells: Implications for early cystic fibrosis lung disease

        Myeloperoxidase is released by neutrophils in inflamed tissues. MPO oxidizes chloride, bromide, and thiocyanate to produce hypochlorous acid, hypobromous acid, and hypothiocyanous acid, respectively. These oxidants are toxic to pathogens, but may also react with host cells to elicit biological activity and potential toxicity. In cystic fibrosis and related diseases, increased neutrophil inflammation leads to increased airway MPO and airway epithelial cell exposure to its oxidants. ...

        Research

        Molecular basis of translation termination at noncanonical stop codons in human mitochondria

        The genetic code that specifies the identity of amino acids incorporated into proteins during protein synthesis is almost universally conserved. Mitochondrial genomes feature deviations from the standard genetic code, including the reassignment of two arginine codons to stop codons. ...

        Research

        Trends in prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies in Western Australia between 1980 and 2020: A population-based study

        Advances in screening and diagnostics have changed the way in which we identify and diagnose congenital anomalies. ...

        Research

        Editorial: The relationship between puberty and immune-driven disease

        The way the immune system operates differs between males and females. This is due to both differential expression of immune-related genes from the sex chromosomes as well as the immune modulatory properties of sex hormones. Together, these effects contribute to a skewed prevalence of disease and disease course between males and females, including allergic-, infectious-, autoimmune-, and cancerous disease. ...

        Research

        Australian and New Zealand consensus guideline for paediatric newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopaenia endorsed by Australian New Zealand Children's Haematology and Oncology Group

        In children, the majority of cases are self-limiting and thus many paediatric patients can be managed conservatively with minimal complications. This varies considerably compared to adult newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopaenia (NDITP) where, in most cases, thrombocytopaenia persists with higher risk of moderate to severe bleeding complications. ...

        Research

        COVID-19 in Western Australia: ‘The last straw’ and hopes for a ‘new normal’ for parents of children with long-term conditions

        Children with long-term conditions are vulnerable due to the treatments required for their conditions. Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Western Australians experienced restrictions that changed daily life activities but were able to return to some of their previous routines due to the restrictions. ...

        Research

        Forecasting COVID-19 activity in Australia to support pandemic response: May to October 2020

        As of January 2021, Australia had effectively controlled local transmission of COVID-19 despite a steady influx of imported cases and several local, but contained, outbreaks in 2020. Throughout 2020, state and territory public health responses were informed by weekly situational reports that included an ensemble forecast of daily COVID-19 cases for each jurisdiction. ...

        Research

        Performance of smartphone application to accurately quantify hyperbilirubinemia in neonates: a systematic review with meta-analysis

        Neonatal jaundice is a common clinical condition that can progress to severe hyperbilirubinemia if identification and intervention are delayed. In this study, we aimed to analyze the current evidence on the accurate performance of smartphone applications to quantify bilirubin levels. ...

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