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        109-120 of 151 results for 'animal research'

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        Perspectives on hand function in girls and women with Rett syndrome

        Hand function is particularly affected and we discuss theoretical and practical perspectives for optimising hand function in Rett syndrome. ...

        Research

        Conventional Therapies Deplete Brain-Infiltrating Adaptive Immune Cells in a Mouse Model of Group 3 Medulloblastoma Implicating Myeloid Cells as Favorable Immunotherapy Targets

        Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain cancer. Mainstay treatments of radiation and chemotherapy have not changed in decades and new treatment approaches are crucial for the improvement of clinical outcomes. To date, immunotherapies for medulloblastoma have been unsuccessful, and studies investigating the immune microenvironment of the disease and the impact of current therapies are limited. ...

        Research

        BCG-Induced Immune Training: Interplay between Trained Immunity and Emergency Granulopoiesis

        Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most commonly administered vaccine in human history. The medical application of BCG extends far beyond the fight against tuberculosis. Despite its stellar medical record over 100 years, insight into how BCG provides this vast range of benefits is largely limited, both for its pathogen-specific (tuberculosis) as well as pathogen-agnostic (other infections, autoimmunity, allergies, and cancer) effects. ...

        Research

        Transplacental Innate Immune Training via Maternal Microbial Exposure: Role of XBP1-ERN1 Axis in Dendritic Cell Precursor Programming

        We recently reported that offspring of mice treated during pregnancy with the microbial-derived immunomodulator OM-85 manifest striking resistance to allergic airways inflammation, and localized the potential treatment target to fetal conventional dendritic cell (cDC) progenitors. Here, we profile maternal OM-85 treatment-associated transcriptomic signatures in fetal bone marrow, and identify a series of immunometabolic pathways which provide essential metabolites for accelerated myelopoiesis. ...

        Research

        Developing new immune based therapies for neuroblastoma

        Alison Linda W. Joost Omar McDonnell Wijaya Lesterhuis Elaskalani AM LW WJL OE BSc (Hons), PhD BSc PhD BSc, MSc, PhD Early Career Fellow Postdoctoral Researcher Program Head, Cancer; Chronic and Severe Diseases RFA Deputy Head Senior Research ...

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        Immunisation with the BCG and DTPw vaccines induces different programs of trained immunity in mice

        In addition to providing pathogen-specific immunity, vaccines can also confer nonspecific effects (NSEs) on mortality and morbidity unrelated to the targeted disease. Immunisation with live vaccines, such as the BCG vaccine, has generally been associated with significantly reduced all-cause infant mortality. In contrast, some inactivated vaccines, such as the diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis (DTPw) vaccine, have been controversially associated with increased all-cause mortality especially in female infants in high-mortality settings. ...

        Research

        A place for neutrophils in the beneficial pathogen-agnostic effects of the BCG vaccine

        The BCG vaccine has long been recognized for reducing the risk to suffer from infectious diseases unrelated to its target disease, tuberculosis. Evidence from human trials demonstrate substantial reductions in all-cause mortality, especially in the first week of life. Observational studies have identified an association between BCG vaccination and reduced risk of respiratory infectious disease and clinical malaria later in childhood. ...

        Research

        Simultaneous Targeting of DNA Replication and Homologous Recombination in Glioblastoma with a Polyether Ionophore

        Our findings highlight the potential of salinomycin to induce DNA lesions and inhibit homologous recombination to greatly enhance the effect of radiotherapy ...

        Research

        Implications of Non-Specific Effects for Testing, Approving, and Regulating Vaccines

        The current framework for testing and regulating vaccines was established before the realization that vaccines, in addition to their effect against the vaccine-specific disease, may also have "non-specific effects" affecting the risk of unrelated diseases. Accumulating evidence from epidemiological studies shows that vaccines in some situations can affect all-cause mortality and morbidity in ways that are not explained by the prevention of the vaccine-targeted disease. ...

        Research

        Basophil counts in PBMC populations during childhood acute wheeze/asthma are associated with future exacerbations

        Our findings suggest that the proportion of degranulated basophils can also be associated with recurrent exacerbations ...

        Research

        Maternal HIV infection alters antimicrobial immunity in exposed and uninfected infants

        Implementation of lifelong ART of all HIV-infected women has the potential to improve maternal determinants of protective immunity in the young infant ...

        Research

        Controlled human infection for vaccination against Streptococcus pyogenes (CHIVAS): Establishing a group A Streptococcus pharyngitis human infection study

        We review the Group A Streptococcus Human infection studies and present the study protocol for a dose-ranging inpatient study in healthy adults ...

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