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        1297-1308 of 1717 results for 'policy'

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        Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccination and Decreased Risk of IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: A Nested Case-Control Study

        Australian infants who received whole-cell pertussis vaccines were less likely to be diagnosed with food allergy in childhood ...

        Research

        Subcutaneous administration of benzathine benzylpenicillin G has favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics for the prevention of rheumatic heart disease compared with intramuscular injection

        Benzathine penicillin G has been used as monthly deep intramuscular (IM) injections since the 1950s for secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Injection frequency and pain are major programmatic barriers for adherence, prompting calls for development of better long-acting penicillin preparations to prevent RHD. ...

        Research

        Early respiratory viral infections in infants with cystic fibrosis

        Early viral infections were associated with greater neutrophilic inflammation and bacterial pathogens ...

        Research

        Characterising nitric oxide-mediated metabolic benefits of low-dose ultraviolet radiation in the mouse: a focus on brown adipose tissue

        Non-burning (low-dose) UVR suppresses the BAT 'whitening', steatotic and pro-diabetic effects of consuming a high-fat diet through skin release of nitric oxide ...

        Research

        Spatial patterns of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Ethiopia

        Our study provides evidence for geographic clustering of tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in Ethiopia ...

        Research

        ACE2 expression is elevated in airway epithelial cells from older and male healthy individuals but reduced in asthma

        COVID-19 is complicated by acute lung injury, and death in some individuals. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 that requires the ACE2 receptor and serine proteases to enter AEC. We determined what factors are associated with ACE2 expression particularly in patients with asthma and COPD. We obtained lower AEC from 145 people from two independent cohorts, aged 2-89 years, Newcastle (n = 115) and Perth (n = 30), Australia. The Newcastle cohort was enriched with people with asthma (n = 37) and COPD (n = 38). Gene expression for ACE2 and other genes potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 cell entry was assessed by qPCR, and protein expression was confirmed with immunohistochemistry on endobronchial biopsies and cultured AEC. ...

        Research

        Health and climate change MJA–Lancet Countdown report: Australia gets another failing grade in 2020 but shows signs of progress

        At the end of 2019 and into 2020, catastrophic fires in Australia consumed homes, lives, wildlife, and land. Just as the fires subsided, Australia, like the rest of the world, faced another emergency—the COVID-19 pandemic. It is instructive to reflect on lessons from the health disasters of the past year. Following publication of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, the Medical Journal of Australia (MJA)–Lancet Australian Countdown was published in December, 2020. This annual report on health and climate change in Australia is in its third year and comprises the efforts of five Australian institutions, in collaboration with University College London, UK, facilitated by a partnership between The Lancet and the MJA. ...

        Research

        Effectiveness of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccination against hospital-attended acute respiratory infections in pregnant women

        Influenza vaccination during pregnancy was associated with significantly fewer hospital attendances for ARI in pregnant women ...

        Research

        Regular peaks and troughs in the Australian incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (2000–2011).

        This study aimed to determine the incidence and incidence rate trends of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0–14 years... ...

        Research

        Whole‐cell pertussis vaccine in early infancy for the prevention of allergy in children

        Atopic diseases are the most common chronic conditions of childhood. The apparent rise in food anaphylaxis in young children over the past three decades is of particular concern, owing to the lack of proven prevention strategies other than the timely introduction of peanut and egg. ...

        Research

        Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung

        We aimed to delineate the effects of LPS and AMP on airway inflammation, and potential contribution to airway disease by measuring airway inflammatory responses ...

        Research

        Conditionally reprogrammed primary airway epithelial cells maintain morphology, lineage and disease specific functional characteristics

        Here, we show that conditionally reprogrammed airway epithelial cells (CRAECs) can be established from both healthy and diseased phenotypes. ...

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