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        Respiratory and chest wall mechanics in very preterm infants

        Data on static compliance of the chest wall (Ccw) in preterm infants are scarce. We characterized the static compliance of the lung and Ccw to determine their relative contribution to static compliance of the respiratory system in very preterm infants at 36 wk postmenstrual age. We also aimed to investigate how these compliances were influenced by the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and impacted breathing variables. ...

        Research

        Urinary Ferritin as a Noninvasive Means of Assessing Iron Status in Young Children

        Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency affecting young children. Serum ferritin concentration is the preferred biomarker for measuring iron status because it reflects iron stores; however, blood collection can be distressing for young children and can be logistically difficult. A noninvasive means to measure iron status would be attractive to either diagnose or screen for ID in young children. ...

        Research

        Lung recruitment before surfactant administration in extremely preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (IN-REC-SUR-E): a randomised, unblinded, controlled trial

        The importance of lung recruitment before surfactant administration has been shown in animal studies. Well designed trials in preterm infants are absent. We aimed to examine whether the application of a recruitment manoeuvre just before surfactant administration, followed by rapid extubation (intubate-recruit-surfactant-extubate [IN-REC-SUR-E]), decreased the need for mechanical ventilation during the first 72 h of life compared with no recruitment manoeuvre (ie, intubate-surfactant-extubate [IN-SUR-E]). ...

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        COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death

        COVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Thirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. ...

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        Searching for a technology-driven acute rheumatic fever test: the START study protocol

        The absence of a diagnostic test for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a major impediment in managing this serious childhood condition. ARF is an autoimmune condition triggered by infection with group A Streptococcus. ...

        Research

        Aural toilet (ear cleaning) for chronic suppurative otitis media

        To assess the effects of aural toilet procedures for people with chronic suppurative otitis media ...

        Research

        Multiancestry association study identifies new asthma risk loci that colocalize with immune-cell enhancer marks

        We identified new asthma loci, found new associations at loci implicated in the comorbidity of asthma plus hay fever and confirmed nine known loci. ...

        Research

        A CHAF1B-Dependent Molecular Switch in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Pathogenesis

        Here we report that CHAF1B is required for normal hematopoiesis while its overexpression promotes leukemia ...

        Research

        Age invariance in rapid facial affective reactions to emotionally valenced stimuli

        Rapid facial reactions to emotional stimuli are intact in late adulthood, even in response to stimuli that activate more automatic and implicit forms of emotion processing ...

        Research

        DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies

        DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with adiposity in adulthood. However, whether similar DNA methylation patterns are associated with childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) is largely unknown. More insight into this relationship at younger ages may have implications for future prevention of obesity and its related traits. We examined whether DNA methylation in cord blood and whole blood in childhood and adolescence was associated with BMI in the age range from 2 to 18 years using both cross-sectional and longitudinal models. ...

        Research

        Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation in the Modulation of Human Diseases

        This review focuses primarily on the beneficial effects for human health of exposure to ultraviolet radiation ...

        Research

        Human Primary Epithelial Cell Models: Promising Tools in the Era of Cystic Fibrosis Personalized Medicine

        In this Review, we consolidate the latest updates in the development of primary epithelial cellular model systems relevant for cystic fibrosis ...

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