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        217-228 of 1357 results for '2018'

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        Intervention effect of targeted workplace closures may be approximated by single-layered networks in an individual-based model of COVID-19 control

        Individual-based models of infectious disease dynamics commonly use network structures to represent human interactions. Network structures can vary in complexity, from single-layered with homogeneous mixing to multi-layered with clustering and layer-specific contact weights. Here we assessed policy-relevant consequences of network choice by simulating different network structures within an established individual-based model of SARS-CoV-2 dynamics. ...

        Research

        Health and well-being needs of Indigenous adolescents: A protocol for a scoping review of qualitative studies

        Improving the health of Indigenous adolescents is central to addressing the health inequities faced by Indigenous peoples. To achieve this, it is critical to understand what is needed from the perspectives of Indigenous adolescents themselves. There have been many qualitative studies that capture the perspectives of Indigenous young people, but synthesis of these has been limited to date.  ...

        Research

        Determination of Tr1 cell populations correlating with distinct activation states in acute IAV infection

        Type I regulatory (Tr1) cells are defined as FOXP3-IL-10-secreting clusters of differentiation (CD4+) T cells that contribute to immune suppression and typically express the markers LAG-3 and CD49b and other co-inhibitory receptors. These cells have not been studied in detail in the context of the resolution of acute infection in the lung. ...

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        More than dirt: Sedimentary ancient DNA and Indigenous Australia

        The rise of sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) studies has opened new possibilities for studying past environments. This groundbreaking area of genomics uses sediments to identify organisms, even in cases where macroscopic remains no longer exist. Managing this substrate in Indigenous Australian contexts, however, requires special considerations. Sediments and soils are often considered as waste by-products during archaeological and paleontological excavations and are not typically regulated by the same ethics guidelines utilised in mainstream 'western' research paradigms. ...

        Research

        Planetary Health: We Need to Talk about Narcissism

        Concepts of planetary health attempt to collectively address the biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors contributing to “Anthropocene Syndrome”, which encompasses the many wicked interrelated challenges of our time. It is increasingly evident that the wide array of causative factors is underpinned by attitudes, values, and worldviews. ...

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        A world of inflammation: the need for ecological solutions that co-benefit people, place and planet

        The ecology of the early environment - including microbial diversity, nutrition, nature, social interactions and the totality of exposures in the wider "exposome" - have life-long implications for all aspects of health and resilience. In particular, the emergence of "microbiome science" provides new evidence for vital relationships between biodiversity and health at every level. ...

        Research

        Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever

        The diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever relies on a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory studies. Diagnosis is usually made using the Jones criteria, which have recently been updated in 2015. ...

        Research

        Influenza disease and vaccination in children in Australia

        Over the past decade, multiple initiatives have been implemented to strengthen influenza vaccination programs in Australia, with an increasing focus on children. In this article, we review these changes, the events that prompted them, and how they have influenced influenza vaccine uptake in Australia. ...

        Research

        Burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

        The age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rates in the Eastern Mediterranean Region are considerably higher than the global average ...

        Research

        The Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group Biobanking Network

        The ANZCHOG-BN is a new biobank network in Australasia that was developed to improve and streamline access to high-quality pediatric and AYA cancer biospecimens ...

        Research

        Calculation of the age of the first infection for skin sores and scabies in five remote communities in northern Australia

        The young age of the first infection with skin sores and scabies reflects the high disease burden in these communities ...

        Research

        The Spectrum, Severity and Outcomes of Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease in Pregnant Women in Australia and New Zealand

        Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) poses significant perinatal risks. We aimed to describe the spectrum, severity and outcomes of rheumatic mitral valve disease in pregnancy in Australia and New Zealand. ...

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