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        433-444 of 1480 results for 'Infectious disease'

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        Revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is associated with an increased risk of abscess and lymphadenopathy

        The reported frequency and types of adverse events following initial vaccination and revaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) varies worldwide. Using active surveillance in a randomised controlled trial of BCG vaccination (the BRACE trial), we determined the incidence and risk factors for the development of BCG injection site abscess and regional lymphadenopathy. ...

        Research

        Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention during pregnancy and lactation: forget not the women and children

        The framework for appropriately identifying and managing at-risk pregnant and lactating women requiring PrEP is poorly defined ...

        Research

        Protocol for establishing a core outcome set for evaluation in studies of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis

        Pulmonary exacerbations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). There is no consensus about which outcomes should be evaluated in studies of pulmonary exacerbations or how these outcomes should be measured. ...

        Research

        Estimation of the force of infection and infectious period of skin sores in remote Australian communities using interval-censored data

        Prevalence of impetigo (skin sores) remains high in remote Australian Aboriginal communities, Fiji, and other areas of socio-economic disadvantage. Skin sore infections, driven primarily in these settings by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) contribute substantially to the disease burden in these areas. Despite this, estimates for the force of infection, infectious period and basic reproductive ratio-all necessary for the construction of dynamic transmission models-have not been obtained. ...

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        Influenza vaccination in pregnancy among a group of remote dwelling Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers in the Northern Territory

        We examined uptake of inactivated influenza vaccination in pregnancy and report adverse birth outcomes amongst a predominantly unvaccinated group ...

        Research

        OPTIMUM study protocol: an adaptive randomised controlled trial of a mixed whole-cell/acellular pertussis vaccine schedule

        Combination vaccines containing whole-cell pertussis antigens were phased out from the Australian national immunisation programme between 1997 and 1999 and replaced by the less reactogenic acellular pertussis (aP) antigens. In a large case-control study of Australian children born during the transition period, those with allergist diagnosed IgE-mediated food allergy were less likely to have received whole-cell vaccine in early infancy than matched population controls (OR: 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.95)). We hypothesise that a single dose of whole-cell vaccine in early infancy is protective against IgE-mediated food allergy. ...

        Research

        Infection characteristics and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia at a tertiary children's hospital

        There is a wide spectrum of disease severity in paediatric Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia ...

        Research

        Characterising the epidemiology of RSV in Australian children through record linkage: clinical burden, outcomes and risk factors

        Hannah Peter Moore Richmond HC PC OAM BSc (Hons) GradDipClinEpi PhD MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP Program Head, Infection and Vaccines Head, Vaccine Trials Group 08 6319 1427 Hannah.moore@telethonkids.org.au Program Head, Infection and Vaccines Head, Vaccine ...

        Research

        The safety of co-administration of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and influenza vaccines

        With the emergence of novel vaccines and new applications for older vaccines, co-administration is increasingly likely. The immunomodulatory effects of BCG could theoretically alter the reactogenicity of co-administered vaccines. Using active surveillance in a randomised controlled trial, we aimed to determine whether co-administration of BCG vaccination changes the safety profile of influenza vaccination. ...

        Research

        Dynamic molecular changes during the first week of human life follow a robust developmental trajectory

        Systems biology and innovative data integration can provide fresh insights into the molecular ontogeny of the first week of life ...

        Research

        Efficacy thresholds and target populations for antiviral COVID-19 treatments to save lives and costs: a modelling study

        In 2023 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared endemic, yet hospital admissions have persisted and risen within populations at high and moderate risk of developing severe disease, which include those of older age, and those with co-morbidities. Antiviral treatments, currently only available for high-risk individuals, play an important role in preventing severe disease and hospitalisation within this subpopulation. ...

        Research

        Australian Aboriginal children with otitis media have reduced antibody titers to specific nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae vaccine antigens

        decreased serum IgG responses to NTHi outer membrane proteins may contribute to the development of chronic and severe OM in Australian Aboriginal children ...

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