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        457-468 of 1360 results for '2018'

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        Differential allelic representation (DAR) identifies candidate eQTLs and improves transcriptome analysis

        In comparisons between mutant and wild-type genotypes, transcriptome analysis can reveal the direct impacts of a mutation, together with the homeostatic responses of the biological system. Recent studies have highlighted that, when the effects of homozygosity for recessive mutations are studied in non-isogenic backgrounds, genes located proximal to the mutation on the same chromosome often appear over-represented among those genes identified as differentially expressed. ...

        Research

        “Food faddists and pseudoscientists!”: Reflections on the history of resistance to ultra-processed foods

        The term 'ultra-processed food' emerged in the 1980s, mostly used in reference to highly-processed convenience foods and snacks, often energy-dense, poor in nutrients, and inclusive of various synthetic additives such as emulsifiers, colors, artificial sweeteners, and/or flavor enhancers. ...

        Research

        Herpes simplex virus in infancy: Evaluation of national surveillance case capture

        As herpes simplex virus in infancy is not a mandatory notifiable condition in Australia, completeness of ascertainment by the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit (APSU) has been difficult to evaluate to date. We evaluated case capture in Queensland and Western Australia using statewide laboratory and clinical data and complementary surveillance data collected via the APSU. ...

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        Standardization of Epidemiological Surveillance of Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis

        Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is an immune complex-induced glomerulonephritis that develops as a sequela of streptococcal infections. This article provides guidelines for the surveillance of APSGN due to group A Streptococcus (Strep A). The primary objectives of APSGN surveillance are to monitor trends in age- and sex-specific incidence, describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with APSGN, document accompanying risk factors, then monitor trends in frequency of complications, illness duration, hospitalization rates, and mortality. ...

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        Pediatric Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Clinical Spectrum and Predictors of Poor Outcome

        Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bacteremia, yet the epidemiology and predictors of poor outcome remain inadequately defined in childhood. ISAIAH (Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infections and Hospitalizations in children) is a prospective, cross-sectional study of S. aureus bacteremia in children hospitalized in Australia and New Zealand over 24 months. ...

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        Hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in infants is more common after elective caesarean delivery

        The authors previously reported an increased risk of hospitalisation for acute lower respiratory infection up to age 2 years in children delivered by... ...

        Research

        Evaluating the genetic contribution to rheumatic heart disease pathogenesis in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

        Jenefer Jonathan Blackwell Carapetis AM JM JR BSc with First Class Honours, PhD, DSc, FMedSci, FAA AM MBBS FRACP FAFPHM PhD FAHMS Head, Genetics & Health Executive Director; Head, Strep A Translation; Co-Founder of REACH 08 6319 1000 ...

        Research

        Improving Health Outcomes in the Tropical North: A Multidisciplinary Collaboration (HOT NORTH)

        Jonathan Christopher Carapetis AM Blyth JR CC AM MBBS FRACP FAFPHM PhD FAHMS MBBS (Hons) DCH FRACP FRCPA PhD Executive Director; Head, Strep A Translation; Co-Founder of REACH Director, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases; Co-Head, ...

        Research

        Targeting interventions to improve influenza control: a proof of principle geomapping study

        Christopher Kefyalew Hannah Blyth Alene Moore CC KA HC MBBS (Hons) DCH FRACP FRCPA PhD BSc, MPH, PhD OAM BSc (Hons) GradDipClinEpi PhD Director, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases; Co-Head, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, ...

        Research

        Maternal Pertussis Vaccination, Infant Immunization, and Risk of Pertussis

        Following the introduction of jurisdictional maternal pertussis vaccination programs in Australia, we estimated maternal vaccine effectiveness (VE) and whether maternal pertussis vaccination modified the effectiveness of the first 3 primary doses of pertussis-containing vaccines. ...

        Research

        Left ventricular remodelling in rheumatic heart disease – trends over time and implications for follow-up in childhood

        Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common form of acquired heart disease worldwide. In RHD, volume loading from mitral regurgitation leads to left ventricular (LV) dilatation, increased wall stress, and ultimately LV dysfunction. Improved understanding of LV dynamics may contribute to refined timing of intervention. ...

        Research

        Estimating the excess burden of pertussis disease in Australia within the first year of life, that might have been prevented through timely vaccination

        Previous Australian studies have shown that delayed vaccination with each of the three primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-containing vaccines (DTP) is up to 50 % in certain subpopulations. We estimated the excess burden of pertussis that might have been prevented if (i) all primary doses and (ii) each dose was given on time. ...

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