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        Copy number variation in tRNA isodecoder genes impairs mammalian development and balanced translation

        The number of tRNA isodecoders has increased dramatically in mammals, but the specific molecular and physiological reasons for this expansion remain elusive. To address this fundamental question we used CRISPR editing to knockout the seven-membered phenylalanine tRNA gene family in mice, both individually and combinatorially. ...

        Research

        Indigenous peoples and inclusion in clinical and genomic research: Understanding the history and navigating contemporary engagement

        Despite significant improvements in pediatric cancer survival outcomes, there remain glaring disparities in under-represented racial and ethnic groups that warrant mitigation by the scientific and clinical community. To address and work towards eliminating such disparities, the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC) and Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) established a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) working group in 2020. The DEI working group is dedicated to improving access to care for all pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors, broadening diversity within the research community, and providing sustainable data-driven solutions. ...

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        Fidelity and coordination of mitochondrial protein synthesis in health and disease

        The evolutionary acquisition of mitochondria has given rise to the diversity of eukaryotic life. Mitochondria have retained their ancestral α-proteobacterial traits through the maintenance of double membranes and their own circular genome. Their genome varies in size from very large in plants to the smallest in animals and their parasites. The mitochondrial genome encodes essential genes for protein synthesis and has to coordinate its expression with the nuclear genome from which it sources most of the proteins required for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. ...

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        Improving Vaccine-Induced Immunity: Can Baseline Predict Outcome?

        Baseline signatures might contribute to identifying interventional targets to be modulated prior to vaccination in order to improve vaccination responses ...

        Research

        Organization and expression of the mammalian mitochondrial genome

        The mitochondrial genome encodes core subunits of the respiratory chain that drives oxidative phosphorylation and is, therefore, essential for energy conversion. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and cryoelectron microscopy have shed light on the structure and organization of the mitochondrial genome and revealed unique mechanisms of mitochondrial gene regulation. ...

        Research

        The Troublesome Ticks Research Protocol: Developing a Comprehensive, Multidiscipline Research Plan for Investigating Human Tick-Associated Disease in Australia

        In Australia, there is a paucity of data about the extent and impact of zoonotic tick-related illnesses. Even less is understood about a multifaceted illness referred to as Debilitating Symptom Complexes Attributed to Ticks (DSCATT). Here, we describe a research plan for investigating the aetiology, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of human tick-associated disease in Australia. ...

        Research

        The Social and Emotional Well-being of Indigenous Peoples Living With Diabetes: A Systematic Review Protocol

        Globally, Indigenous people have a greater incidence and earlier onset of diabetes than the general population and have higher documented rates of emotional distress and mental illness. This systematic review will provide a synthesis and critical appraisal of the evidence focused on the social and emotional well-being of Indigenous peoples living with diabetes, including prevalence, impact, moderators, and the efficacy of interventions. ...

        Research

        Influenza hospitalizations in Australian children 2010–2019: The impact of medical comorbidities on outcomes, vaccine coverage, and effectiveness

        Children with comorbidities are at greater risk of severe influenza outcomes compared with healthy children. In Australia, influenza vaccination was funded for those with comorbidities from 2010 and all children aged <5 years from 2018. Influenza vaccine coverage remains inadequate in children with and without comorbidities. ...

        Research

        New therapeutic opportunities from dissecting the pre-B leukemia bone marrow microenvironment

        We provide evidence that targeting leukemia-induced bone loss is a therapeutic strategy for pre-B ALL ...

        Research

        An observational study of febrile seizures: The importance of viral infection and immunization

        Determine the frequency of detection of specific viral pathogens in children with febrile seizures ...

        Research

        Exercise management in type 1 diabetes: A consensus statement

        This Review provides an up-to-date consensus on exercise management for individuals with type 1 diabetes who exercise regularly. ...

        Research

        Clinical Predictors of Influenza in Young Children: The Limitations of “Influenza-Like Illness”

        This study aims to identify clinical predictors of influenza infection in children ≤5 years old from which age-specific ILI definitions are then constructed. ...

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