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        ACE2 expression is elevated in airway epithelial cells from older and male healthy individuals but reduced in asthma

        COVID-19 is complicated by acute lung injury, and death in some individuals. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2 that requires the ACE2 receptor and serine proteases to enter AEC. We determined what factors are associated with ACE2 expression particularly in patients with asthma and COPD. We obtained lower AEC from 145 people from two independent cohorts, aged 2-89 years, Newcastle (n = 115) and Perth (n = 30), Australia. The Newcastle cohort was enriched with people with asthma (n = 37) and COPD (n = 38). Gene expression for ACE2 and other genes potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 cell entry was assessed by qPCR, and protein expression was confirmed with immunohistochemistry on endobronchial biopsies and cultured AEC. ...

        Research

        A role for early oral exposure to house dust mite allergens through breast milk in IgE-mediated food allergy susceptibility

        This study highlights an unpredicted potential risk factor for the development of food allergy, that is, D pteronyssinus allergens in breast milk ...

        Research

        The Milk Metabolome of Non-secretor and Lewis Negative Mothers

        The functional role of milk for the developing neonate is an area of great interest, and a significant amount of research has been done. However, a lot of work remains to fully understand the complexities of milk, and the variations imposed through genetics. It has previously been shown that both secretor (Se) and Lewis blood type (Le) status impacts the human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) content of human milk. While some studies have compared the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se+ and Se- women, none have reported on the non-HMO milk metabolome of Se- and Le- mothers. ...

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        Meta-taxonomic analysis of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut flora in stool samples from visceral leishmaniasis cases and endemic controls in Bihar State India

        We evaluate a meta-taxonomic approach to determine the composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic gut microflora using sequencing of 16S RNA and 18S rRNA ...

        Research

        Protocol for delivery of intraoperative immunotherapy to mice by surgical debulking of subcutaneous tumors

        Pre-clinical studies developing novel therapies to prevent cancer recurrence require appropriate surgical models. Here, we present a protocol for surgical debulking of subcutaneous tumors in mice, which allows for intraoperative application of immunotherapy-loaded biomaterials.  ...

        Research

        From Authoritarianism to Advocacy: Lifestyle-Driven, Socially-Transmitted Conditions Require a Transformation in Medical Training and Practice

        Here, we open a dialogue on authoritarianism in westernized medicine as a starting point in order to encourage the development of critical research ...

        Research

        Increased prevalence of expiratory flow limitation during exercise in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

        Expiratory flow limitation is more prevalent in children born preterm with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and is associated with airway obstruction ...

        Research

        Persistent and progressive long-term lung disease in survivors of preterm birth

        This review aims to summarise what is known about the long-term pulmonary outcomes of contemporary preterm birth ...

        Research

        Effect of Epicutaneous Immunotherapy vs Placebo on Reaction to Peanut Protein Ingestion Among Children With Peanut Allergy: The PEPITES Randomized Clinical Trial

        To assess the efficacy and adverse events of epicutaneous immunotherapy with a peanut patch among peanut-allergic children ...

        Research

        Worldwide variation in human milk metabolome: Indicators of breast physiology and maternal lifestyle?

        This study investigates the variation of human milk metabolites in human milk between five different countries ...

        Research

        The Canmore Declaration: Statement of Principles for Planetary Health

        We provide the Canmore Declaration, a Statement of Principles for Planetary Health ...

        Research

        Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung

        We aimed to delineate the effects of LPS and AMP on airway inflammation, and potential contribution to airway disease by measuring airway inflammatory responses ...

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