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        Lack of effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination against pneumococcal carriage density in Papua New Guinean infants

        Papua New Guinea (PNG) introduced the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2014, with administration at 1, 2, and 3 months of age. PCV13 has reduced or eliminated carriage of vaccine types in populations with low pneumococcal carriage prevalence, carriage density and serotype diversity. ...

        Research

        Local immunotherapy for sarcoma

        Terrance W. Joost Ben Johns Lesterhuis Wylie T WJL BW BSc PhD Honorary Research Associate Program Head, Cancer; Chronic and Severe Diseases RFA Deputy Head Senior Research Fellow Joost.Lesterhuis@telethonkids.org.au ben.wylie@telethonkids.org.au ...

        Research

        Paediatric Active Enhanced Diseases Surveillance (PAEDS)

        Christopher Peter Tom Blyth Richmond Snelling CC PC T MBBS (Hons) DCH FRACP FRCPA PhD MBBS MRCP(UK) FRACP BMBS DTMH GDipClinEpid PhD FRACP Director, Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases; Co-Head, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, ...

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        Improving primary care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with rheumatic heart disease: What can I do?

        Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease disproportionately affect Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia, with devastating impacts on morbidity, mortality and community wellbeing. Research suggests that general practitioners and primary care staff perceive insurmountable barriers to improving clinical outcomes, including the need for systemic change outside their scope of practice. ...

        Research

        ASCOT ADAPT study of COVID-19 therapeutics in hospitalised patients: an international multicentre adaptive platform trial

        SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a significant risk of hospitalisation, death, and prolonged impact on quality of life. Evaluation of new treatment options and optimising therapeutic management of people hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection remains essential, but rapid changes in pandemic conditions and potential therapies have limited the utility of traditional approaches to randomised controlled trials. ...

        Research

        International Pediatric COVID-19 Severity over the Course of the Pandemic

        Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged over the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications for COVID-19 severity in children worldwide are unclear. The objective was to determine whether the dominant circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) were associated with differences in COVID-19 severity among hospitalized children. ...

        Research

        The impact a Mediterranean Diet in the third trimester of pregnancy has on neonatal body fat percentage

        Maternal diet during pregnancy has long been recognised as an important determinant of neonatal outcomes and child development. Infant body composition is a potentially modifiable risk factor for predicting future health and metabolic disease. ...

        Research

        Epigenomic variability is associated with age-specific naïve CD4 T cell response to activation in infants and adolescents

        Childhood is a critical period of immune development. During this time, naïve CD4 T cells undergo programmed cell differentiation, mediated by epigenetic changes, in response to external stimuli leading to a baseline homeostatic state that may determine lifelong disease risk. However, the ontogeny of epigenetic signatures associated with CD4 T cell activation during key developmental periods are yet to be described. ...

        Research

        In vitro antibacterial activity of Western Australian honeys, and manuka honey, against bacteria implicated in impetigo

        Impetigo is a contagious skin disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Without treatment, impetigo may be recurrent, develop into severe disease, or have serious, life-threatening sequelae. Standard treatment consists of topical or systemic antibiotic therapy (depending on severity), however, due to antibiotic resistance some therapies are increasingly ineffective. ...

        Research

        Blinatumomab as bridging therapy in paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia complicated by invasive fungal disease

        Invasive fungal disease (IFD) remains a challenging complication of treatment for paediatric acute leukaemia. Consensus fungal treatment guidelines recommend withholding chemotherapy to facilitate immune recovery in this setting, yet prolonged delays in leukaemia therapy increase risk of relapse. ...

        Research

        Getting to grips with invasive group A streptococcal infection surveillance in Australia: are we experiencing an epidemic?

        Asha Rosemary Bowen Wyber AC R BA MBBS DCH FRACP PhD GAICD OAM MBChB MPH FRACGP PhD Head, Healthy Skin and ARF Prevention Senior Research Fellow Head, Healthy Skin and Arf Prevention Senior Research Fellow Areas of expertise: Skin infections, ...

        Research

        Otitis media guidelines for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: summary of recommendations

        The 2001 Recommendations for clinical care guidelines on the management of otitis media in Aboriginal and Torres Islander populations were revised in 2010. This 2020 update by the Centre of Research Excellence in Ear and Hearing Health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children used for the first time the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. ...

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