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        673-684 of 1037 results for '2013'

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        Non-specific benefit of seasonal influenza vaccine on respiratory syncytial virus-hospitalisations in children: An instrumental variable approach using population-based data

        Seasonal influenza vaccine is effective against influenza hospitalisations, but little is known about non-specific effects of the vaccine on other respiratory pathogens with similar seasonal patterns. We aimed to assess the causal impact of seasonal influenza vaccine on laboratory-confirmed hospitalisations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children using an instrumental variable strategy. ...

        Research

        Feasibility and safety of introducing cashew nut spread in infant diets-A randomized trial

        To reduce peanut allergy prevalence, infant feeding guidelines now recommend introducing peanuts in an age-appropriate form (such as peanut butter) as part of complementary feeding. However, due to a lack of randomized trial evidence, most infant feeding and food allergy prevention guidelines do not include tree nuts. The aims of this trial were to determine safety and feasibility of dosage consumption recommendations for infant cashew nut spread introduction. ...

        Research

        Protection against severe infant lower respiratory tract infections by immune training: Mechanistic studies

        Results from recent clinical studies suggest potential efficacy of immune training (IT)-based approaches for protection against severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants, but underlying mechanisms are unclear. ...

        Research

        Impact of Childhood Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Nonnotified Clinically Suspected Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Australia

        This study provides a quantitative estimate of the total burden of invasive pneumococcal disease preventable by vaccination programs in Australia ...

        Research

        Poverty, Parental Mental Health and Child/Adolescent Mental Disorders: Findings from a National Australian Survey

        The purpose of this study is to examine the association between poverty and child mental disorders ...

        Research

        Risk factors for symptomatic venous thromboembolism during therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

        We found two known risk factors in a large cohort of children treated for ALL and identified other factors associated with venous thromboembolism ...

        Research

        Sensitization to immune checkpoint blockade through activation of a STAT1/NK axis in the tumor microenvironment

        Our results identify a pretreatment tumor microenvironment that predicts response to immune checkpoint blockade, which can be therapeutically attained ...

        Research

        Measuring early child development in low and middle income countries: Investigating the validity of the early Human Capability Index

        Inclusion of early child development in the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda raises issues of how this goal should be monitored, particularly in low resource settings. The aim of this paper was to explore the validity of the early Human Capability Index (eHCI); a population measure designed to capture the holistic development of children aged 3-5 years. Convergent, divergent, discriminant and concurrent validity were examined by exploring the associations between eHCI domains and child (sex, age, stunting status, preschool attendance) and family (maternal education, home learning environment) characteristics. Analyses were repeated using data from seven low and middle income countries. ...

        Research

        Low positive predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes in relation to rheumatic heart disease: a challenge for global surveillance

        We outline a series of research initiatives to improve identification of RHD in administrative data thereby contributing to monitoring the RHD burden globally ...

        Research

        Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Digital Health Interventions for LGBTIQ+ Young People: Systematic Review

        Young people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities. ...

        Research

        Health-related behaviours and weight status of expectant fathers

        Little attention has been given to the health status and lifestyle behaviours of expectant fathers. This study aimed to examine health-related variables in a cohort of expectant fathers to identify potential focus areas for interventions designed to optimise health and wellbeing outcomes in this group. ...

        Research

        Sleep-disordered breathing in Australian children with Prader-Willi syndrome following initiation of growth hormone therapy

        In children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) improves height and body composition; however, may be associated with worsening sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Some studies have reported less SDB after GH initiation, but follow-up with polysomnography is still advised in most clinical guidelines. ...

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