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        A blueprint for a multi-disease, multi-domain Bayesian adaptive platform trial incorporating adult and paediatric subgroups: the Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform trial

        The Staphylococcus aureus Network Adaptive Platform (SNAP) trial is a multifactorial Bayesian adaptive platform trial that aims to improve the way that S. aureus bloodstream infection, a globally common and severe infectious disease, is treated. In a world first, the SNAP trial will simultaneously investigate the effects of multiple intervention modalities within multiple groups of participants with different forms of S. aureus bloodstream infection. ...

        Research

        Infant Whole-Cell Versus Acellular Pertussis Vaccination in 1997 to 1999 and Risk of Childhood Hospitalization for Food-Induced Anaphylaxis: Linked Administrative Databases Cohort Study

        Evidence suggests that children who had received an initial priming dose of whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine, rather than acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine, had a lower risk of developing IgE-mediated food allergy, the most common cause of anaphylaxis-related hospital presentations of childhood. ...

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        Conventional Therapies Deplete Brain-Infiltrating Adaptive Immune Cells in a Mouse Model of Group 3 Medulloblastoma Implicating Myeloid Cells as Favorable Immunotherapy Targets

        Medulloblastoma is the most common childhood brain cancer. Mainstay treatments of radiation and chemotherapy have not changed in decades and new treatment approaches are crucial for the improvement of clinical outcomes. To date, immunotherapies for medulloblastoma have been unsuccessful, and studies investigating the immune microenvironment of the disease and the impact of current therapies are limited. ...

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        Novel method to select meaningful outcomes for evaluation in clinical trials

        A standardised framework for selecting outcomes for evaluation in trials has been proposed by the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials working group. However, this method does not specify how to ensure that the outcomes that are selected are causally related to the disease and the health intervention being studied. Causal network diagrams may help researchers identify outcomes that are both clinically meaningful and likely to be causally dependent on the intervention, and endpoints that are, in turn, causally dependent on those outcomes. ...

        Research

        The measurement properties of tests and tools used in cystic fibrosis studies: a systematic review

        There is no consensus on how best to measure responses to interventions among children and adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). We have systematically reviewed and summarised the characteristics and measurement properties of tests and tools that have been used to capture outcomes in studies among people with CF, including their reliability, validity and responsiveness. This review is intended to guide researchers when selecting tests or tools for measuring treatment effects in CF trials. A consensus set of these tests and tools could improve consistency in how outcomes are captured and thereby facilitate comparisons and synthesis of evidence across studies. ...

        Research

        Time to tackle rheumatic heart disease: Data needed to drive global policy dialogues

        This report provides an update on the contemporary global and regional policy landscapes relevant to rheumatic heart disease ...

        Research

        Potential for molecular testing for group a streptococcus to improve diagnosis and management in a high-risk population: A prospective study

        Implementation of molecular testing could improve antibiotic use in this high-burden setting ...

        Research

        Changing Prevalence of Lower Airway Infections in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

        Aspergillus species and P. aeruginosa are commonly present in the lower airways from infancy ...

        Research

        HLA-DR Class II expression on myeloid and lymphoid cells in relation to HLA-DRB1 as a genetic risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis

        To understand how HLA-DR contributes to disease pathogenesis, we examined expression at the protein level in circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells of VL patients ...

        Research

        Determinants for progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis: A cohort study

        We confirmed the strong association between high DAT and/or rK39 titers and progression to disease among asymptomatic subjects ...

        Research

        Severe lower limb cellulitis: Defining the epidemiology and risk factors for primary episodes in a population-based case-control study

        Severe lower leg cellulitis presents a major burden to the health sector and is increasing with an ageing population ...

        Research

        Epidemiology and risk factors for recurrent severe lower limb cellulitis: a longitudinal cohort study

        Severe lower leg cellulitis recurrences are frequent, and each episode increases the likelihood of subsequent recurrence and length of hospitalization ...

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