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        A Deep Learning-Based System for the Assessment of Dental Caries Using Colour Dental Photographs

        Dental caries remains the most common chronic disease in childhood, affecting almost half of all children globally. Dental care and examination of children living in remote and rural areas is an ongoing challenge that has been compounded by COVID. ...

        Research

        Effect of different lung recruitment strategies and airway device on oscillatory mechanics in children under general anaesthesia

        Atelectasis has been reported in 68 to 100% of children undergoing general anaesthesia, a phenomenon that persists into the recovery period. Children receiving recruitment manoeuvres have less atelectasis and fewer episodes of oxygen desaturation during emergence. The optimal type of recruitment manoeuvre is unclear and may be influenced by the airway device chosen. ...

        Research

        Towards precision cancer medicine for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer health equity

        Delivering cancer control at scale for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is a national priority that requires Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander leadership and codesign, as well as significant involvement of the Aboriginal community-controlled health sector. The unique genomic variation observed among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples may have implications for standard and precision medicine. ...

        Research

        Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIA) mice have increased lung compliance and airway resistance, decreased diaphragm strength, and no change in alveolar structure

        Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is characterized by neurological and skeletal pathologies caused by reduced activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, sulfamidase, and the subsequent primary accumulation of undegraded heparan sulfate (HS). Respiratory pathology is considered secondary in MPS IIIA and the mechanisms are not well understood.  ...

        Research

        Trans Young People’s Experiences of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

        Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is particularly common among trans young people. Trans young people tend to experience high levels of emotional distress due to the unique stressors they face, and often use NSSI as an emotion regulation strategy. These stressors include gender dysphoria, body image concerns, and transphobic experiences. ...

        Research

        Improving screening in a paediatric cohort for cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: A quality improvement project

        André Schultz AS MBChB, PhD, FRACP Program Head, Respiratory Health RFA Program Head, Respiratory Health RFA Prof André Schultz is the Program Head of Respiratory Health and Head of the BREATH Team at Telethon Kids Institute. He is passionate ...

        Research

        Outcomes of interventions in neonatal sepsis: A systematic review of qualitative research

        While a systematic review exists detailing neonatal sepsis outcomes from clinical trials, there remains an absence of a qualitative systematic review capturing the perspectives of key stakeholders. ...

        Research

        Predictors of Change in Wellbeing and Mental Health of Parents of Autistic Pre-Schoolers

        Parenting is a rewarding experience but is not without its challenges. Parents of Autistic children face additional challenges, and as a result can experience lower levels of wellbeing and more mental health problems (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress). Previous studies have identified concurrent correlates of wellbeing and mental health. ...

        Research

        Development of a Model of Care resource for FASD in the justice system

        This article describes the development of a Model of Care resource to support youth involved with the justice system where a neurodevelopmental disability such as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is suspected. Service staff within the Youth Justice sector were engaged in an iterative process of resource development over a 9-month period. ...

        Research

        Enhanced versus standard hydration in acute ischemic stroke: REVIVE—A randomized clinical trial

        Early neurological deterioration (END) within 72 h of stroke onset is associated with poor prognosis. Optimizing hydration might reduce the risk of END. ...

        Research

        The causal impact of mental health on tobacco and alcohol consumption: An instrumental variables approach

        The reciprocal relationship between psychiatric and substance use disorders is well-known, yet it remains largely unknown whether mental health morbidity causally leads to addictive behaviours. This paper utilises a fixed effects instrumental variables model, which is identified by time-varying sources of plausibly exogenous variations in mental health, and a nationally representative panel dataset from Australia to present robust evidence on the causal impact of mental distress on cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking behaviours. ...

        Research

        Do parent-reported early indicators predict later developmental language disorder? A Raine Study investigation

        Developmental language disorder (DLD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions. Due to variable rates of language growth in children under 5 years, the early identification of children with DLD is challenging. Early indicators are often outlined by speech pathology regulatory bodies and other developmental services as evidence to empower caregivers in the early identification of DLD. ...

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