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        Modeling COVID-19 disease processes by remote elicitation of causal Bayesian networks from medical experts

        COVID-19 is a new multi-organ disease causing considerable worldwide morbidity and mortality. While many recognized pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, their exact causal relationships remain opaque. Better understanding is needed for predicting their progression, targeting therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes. While many mathematical causal models describe COVID-19 epidemiology, none have described its pathophysiology. ...

        Research

        Normative data for multiple breath washout outcomes in school-aged Caucasian children

        The multiple breath nitrogen washout (N2MBW) technique is increasingly used to assess the degree of ventilation inhomogeneity in school-aged children with lung disease. However, reference values for healthy children are currently not available. ...

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        The prevalence of and potential risk factors for Developmental Language Disorder at 10 years in the Raine Study

        This study sought to determine the prevalence of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in Australian school-aged children and associated potential risk factors for DLD at 10 years. ...

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        B Part of It School Leaver Study: A Repeat Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Increasing Coverage With Meningococcal B (4CMenB) Vaccine on Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis

        Recombinant protein-based vaccines targeting serogroup B meningococci protect against invasive disease but impacts on carriage are uncertain. This study assessed carriage prevalence of disease-associated meningococci in 2018-2020 as the proportion of vaccinated adolescents increased following introduction of a school-based 4CMenB immunization program. ...

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        The impact of respiratory viruses on lung health after preterm birth

        The aim of this review is to highlight the risk factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility to viral respiratory infections among preterm infants ...

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        Nudging towards COVID-19 and influenza vaccination uptake in medically at-risk children: EPIC study protocol of randomised controlled trials in Australian paediatric outpatient clinics

        Children with chronic medical diseases are at an unacceptable risk of hospitalisation and death from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Over the past two decades, behavioural scientists have learnt how to design non-coercive 'nudge' interventions to encourage positive health behaviours. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of multicomponent nudge interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in medically at-risk children. ...

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        HLA-DR Class II expression on myeloid and lymphoid cells in relation to HLA-DRB1 as a genetic risk factor for visceral leishmaniasis

        To understand how HLA-DR contributes to disease pathogenesis, we examined expression at the protein level in circulating myeloid and lymphoid cells of VL patients ...

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        Determinants for progression from asymptomatic infection to symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis: A cohort study

        We confirmed the strong association between high DAT and/or rK39 titers and progression to disease among asymptomatic subjects ...

        Research

        Influenza Epidemiology, Vaccine Coverage and Vaccine Effectiveness in Children Admitted to Sentinel Australian Hospitals in 2017

        Significant influenza-associated morbidity was observed in 2017 in Australia. Vaccine coverage and antiviral use was inadequate. ...

        Research

        The global burden of sore throat and group A Streptococcus pharyngitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

        Contemporary data for the global burden of sore throat and group A Streptococcus (Strep A) pharyngitis are required to understand the frequency of disease and develop value propositions for Strep A vaccines. ...

        Research

        Association between early respiratory viral infections and structural lung disease in infants with cystic fibrosis

        Infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) develop structural lung disease early in life, and viral infections are associated with progressive lung disease. We hypothesized that the presence of respiratory viruses would be associated with structural lung disease on computed tomography (CT) of the chest in infants with CF. ...

        Research

        Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to plastic-derived chemicals and their metabolites on asthma and lung function from childhood into adulthood

        Environmental exposure to phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA), chemicals used in the production of plastics, may increase risk for asthma and allergies. However, little is known about the long-term effects of early life exposure to these compounds. ...

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