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        The Fifth International Neonatal and Maternal Immunization Symposium (INMIS 2019): Securing Protection for the Next Generation

        Despite significant progress in reaching some milestones of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, neonatal and early infant morbidity and mortality remain high, and maternal health remains suboptimal in many countries. Novel and improved preventative strategies with the potential to benefit pregnant women and their infants are needed, with maternal and neonatal immunization representing effective approaches. ...

        Research

        Adiposity associated DNA methylation signatures in adolescents are related to leptin and perinatal factors

        Epigenetics links perinatal influences with later obesity. We identifed differentially methylated CpG (dmCpG) loci measured at 17 years associated with concurrent adiposity measures and examined whether these were associated with hsCRP, adipokines, and early life environmental factors. Genome-wide DNA methylation from 1192 Raine Study participants at 17 years, identified 29 dmCpGs associated with body mass index, 10 with waist circumference and 9 with subcutaneous fat thickness. ...

        Research

        One vaccine for life: Lessons from immune ontogeny

        There remains a general misconception that the immune status of the fetus and neonate is immature or insufficient. However, emerging research in immune ontogeny prompts reconsideration of this orthodoxy, reframing this period instead as one of unique opportunity. Vaccine responses (qualitative and quantitative) vary between individuals, and across demographic cohorts. Elements of baseline immune status and function predict vaccine response - some of these factors are well described, others remain a subject of ongoing research, especially with the rapidly expanding field of 'omics' research, enabled by development of highly granular immune profiling techniques and increasing computational capacity. ...

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        Enhanced Neutralizing Antibody Responses to Rhinovirus C and Age-Dependent Patterns of Infection

        Rhinovirus (RV) C can cause asymptomatic infection and respiratory illnesses ranging from the common cold to severe wheezing. The aim was to identify how age and other individual-level factors are associated with susceptibility to RV-C illnesses. Longitudinal data from the COAST (Childhood Origins of Asthma) birth cohort study were analyzed to determine relationships between age and RV-C infections. Neutralizing antibodies specific for RV-A and RV-C (three types each) were determined using a novel PCR-based assay. ...

        Research

        Cellular and molecular mechanisms of vitamin D in food allergy

        Epidemiological evidence from the past decade suggests a role of vitamin D in food allergy pathogenesis ...

        Research

        Evolving Trends of Gastrostomy Insertion Within a Pediatric Population

        New gastrostomy insertion among children who require long-term enteral feeding support increased over the study period ...

        Research

        Insights into respiratory disease through bioinformatics

        Here, we review the basic concepts in bioinformatics and genomic data analysis and illustrate the application of these tools to further our understanding of lung diseases ...

        Research

        Paediatric antimicrobial stewardship and safe prescribing: An assessment of medical staff knowledge and behaviour

        Participants demonstrated a good understanding of safe prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship ...

        Research

        Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media

        To assess the effects of adding a topical steroid to topical antibiotics in the treatment of people with chronic suppurative otitis media ...

        Research

        Positive veteran teachers: Who are they, and where are they to be found?

        This article reports on a study in Australia which sought to utilise the characteristics to identify positive veteran teachers within a larger cohort ...

        Research

        Prenatal stress and risk of behavioral morbidity from age 2 to 14 years:

        The maternal experience of stressful events during pregnancy has been associated with a number of adverse consequences for behavioral development offspring... ...

        Research

        Th2-polarisation of cellular immune memory to neonatal pertussis vaccination

        Current infant vaccination against pertussis in North America and Australia requires three doses of vaccines including diphtheria, tetanus and acellular... ...

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